Many of the Chinese people were frustrated in the state of China under the Dowager Empress' rule. This frustration broke out into violence. People resented the foreigners power and the special privileges they received and Chinese Christians so they formed a secret organization called the Society of Righteous and Harmonious Fists. They later came to be known as the Boxers. This campaign against the Dowager Empress and the foreigner's privileges was called the Boxer Rebellion. In 1990, the Boxers went through the city of Beijing shouting ''Death to the foreign devils.'' They were in the city for several months. In August, 19,000 troops came to Beijing and defeated the Boxers. Even though the Boxer Rebellion failed it brought about a strong sense of nationalism.